Packet 8: Tossup 8

An upper bound on a form of this quantity does not scale with the system size of the AKLT state by an “area law.” Discrete-time dynamical systems are characterized by a “metric” form of this property alternatively named for Kolmogorov (“kull-ma-GOR-uff”) and (-5[1])Sinai, which is positive for chaotic motion. Taking the Legendre transform of this quantity obtains Massieu–Planck potentials. Selection of probability distributions is guided by a principle that this quantity should be maximized. (10[1]-5[1])Because this quantity is maximized (-5[1])by the Gaussian distribution, (-5[1])deviation from normality is measured by so-called (10[1])“neg-[this quantity].” (10[1]-5[1])A quantum analogue of this quantity (10[1])equals the trace of the density (10[2])matrix times the natural log of (10[1])the density matrix (10[3])and is named (-5[1])for von Neumann (10[1])(“NOY-mahn”). For (10[1])10 points, (10[1])an information-theoretic version of what quantity (10[1])was developed (10[1])by Shannon? (10[1])■END■ (10[4])

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