Packet 2: Tossup 4

Brown, Laundré, and Gurung modeled effects of this phenomenon in mu-driven systems in which higher population size increases foraging cost. Stankowich and Blumstein outlined “degrees” of this phenomenon, which is quantified from “giving-up densities.” Marty Becker created practices “free” of this phenomenon in veterinary medicine. Robert and Caroline Blanchard proposed crouching as an index for this phenomenon, which induces innate responses like tonic immobility, (10[1])reduced (-5[1])exploratory (10[1])drive, and increased behavioral “initiation distance.” This phenomenon’s (10[1])namesake “landscape” is exemplified by (-5[2])a trophic (10[1]-5[1])cascade (10[1])that led to aspen (-5[1])regrowth in Yellowstone after the reintroduction of wolves. (10[1]-5[1])This phenomenon elicits place aversion, vigilance, (10[1])and the freeze response (10[1])in prey. (-5[2])For 10 (10[1])points, (10[1])primates evolved to feel what emotion (-5[1])around (10[2])snakes? (10[4])■END■ (10[7])

ANSWER: fear [or being afraid or fright; accept panic or anxiety or phobias; accept fierceness; accept alarm calls; accept fear response, landscape of fear, innate fear, ecology of fear, or fear-free practices; prompt on emotions or feeling until “emotion” is read; prompt on predation, predators, danger, risk, threats, threatening, stress, or equivalents of any by asking “causing what response?”] (The fourth line refers to flight initiation distance.)
<Editors, Biology> | K. Playoffs 2 (Editors 2)
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