Round 10: Tossup 17

A type of these phenomena that forms characteristic flute structures is bounded by the Mercier criterion. The formation of these phenomena in the “low n” regime produces a beta limit proposed by Francis Troyon. A type of these phenomena occurs if a “safety factor” proportional (10[1])to a characteristic wavelength is less than 1, (-5[1])called the Kruskal–Shafranov (10[1])limit. In plasmas, these (10[1])phenomena (10[3])are either “hydrodynamic” or “kinetic” (10[1])depending (10[1])on scale and speed and are classified by mode number into their “sausage” and (10[1])“kink” types. (10[5])One (10[1])type (-5[1])of these (10[1])phenomena is visualized by “fingers” that propagate into a “mushroom cap” and occurs when a heavier fluid is on top of a lighter fluid. (10[1]-5[1])For 10 points, name these phenomena that arise when a perturbed fluid deviates from equilibrium, as in the Kelvin–Helmholtz and Rayleigh–Taylor (10[2])types. (10[1])■END■ (10[2]0[4])

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