Round 6: Tossup 20

One-loop processes that result in tree interactions with this phenomenon are described by a type of Feynman diagram whose name was coined by John Ellis. The magnitude of this phenomenon is characterized by the area of the so-called “unitarity triangle,” (10[1])which is currently (10[1])studied by the LHCb experiment. Cecilia Jarlskog’s (10[1])namesake invariant vanishes in the absence of this phenomenon, (-5[1])as the CKM matrix does not have a complex phase factor. Along with conditions on baryon number and thermal equilibrium, this phenomenon is necessary for baryogenesis according to the Sakharov conditions. (-5[1])Peccei–Quinn theory proposed axions to resolve a “fine-tuning” problem in which the strong force does not induce this (10[1])phenomenon. (-5[1])For 10 points, (-5[1])Cronin and Fitch (10[1])discovered what (10[1])phenomenon (10[1]-5[1])in (10[1])neutral (10[1])kaon (10[1])decay, (-5[1])in which a combined symmetry is broken? ■END■ (10[6]0[5])

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